Hliníkové složení
Typické komponenty:
Žebra, Nosníky, Kryty, Kůra
Materialy:
Hliník 2000 série, Hliník 7000 série, Hliník Lithia
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Metalurgické odborné znalosti o hliníku:
Zatímco čistý hliník má nízkou měrnou hmotnost, dobrou odolnost proti korozi, vynikající tepelnou vodivost a elektrickou vodivost, je příliš slabý a tažný, než aby byl použit samostatně. Nejčastěji používanými hliníkovými slitinami pro konstrukci rámu jsou série 2000 a 7000.
Hliníkové slitiny řady 2000
Obsahuje 1,9-6,8% mědi a často obsahuje přísady manganu, hořčíku a zinku. Používají se pro výkovky, výlisky a nádrže na zkapalněný plyn v civilní dopravě a nadzvukových letadlech. Tyto slitiny mají nižší rychlost růstu trhlin a mají tedy lepší únavový výkon než slitiny řady 7000. Používají se proto na spodní křídla a na povrch trupu. Obvykle používané slitiny řady 2000 jsou 2224, 2324, 2524. Tyto slitiny jsou často potaženy 99,34% čistého hliníku pro zvýšenou odolnost proti korozi.
Hliníkové slitiny řady 7000
Systém Al-Zn-Mg nabízí největší potenciál pro vytvrzování precipitací, i když měď se často přidává pro zlepšení odolnosti proti praskání korozním napětím (s nevýhodou snížení svařitelnosti). Odolnost proti praskání korozí klesá se zvyšujícím se poměrem Zn: Mg.
Hliník Lithia
Komerční slitiny hliníku-lithia se vyznačují nízkou hustotou, vysokým měrným modulem, vynikající únavou a kryogenní houževnatostí. Spojení Li a Al snižuje hustotu o 3% a zvyšuje modul pružnosti asi o 6%. Na rozdíl od nových materiálových systémů, jako jsou kompozity vyztužené vlákny, hliníkové slitiny s nízkou hustotou nevyžadují velké kapitálové investice výrobce do nových výrobních zařízení.
Trendy v oboru
"Použití hliníku v letectví představuje více než 50% veškerého spotřebovaného materiálu a v průběhu času zůstává relativně konstantní."
The next generation aircrafts are called hybrid-designs when fiber-reinforced materials are associated to economic new aluminum structures.
Výzvy
Hliníkové obráběné součástí vyžadují krátký taktovací čas. Produktivita se měří jako materiál odebíraný v litrech za minutu. Vzhledem k relativně měkkým vlastnostem materiálu, je materiál obráběn na strojích s vysokým výkonem (75 - 150 kW) s rychlostí vřetena až 33 000 ot / min.
Požadavky na řešení nástrojů
- Geometrie nástroje pro absorpci dostupného výkonu stroje a převedení na velmi vysokou rychlost odstraňování kovu, čímž se zabrání nárustku a zlomení nástroje součastně.
- Vysoce kvalitní vyvažení nástrojů.
- Konstrukce chladicí kapaliny optimalizovaná pro vysokorychlostní obrábění.
Nástojová řešení
Hydraulická upínače